What is the single most important document for filing taxes?

For most people it's their W-2 (or 1099s if self-employed), because it reports the income the IRS already knows about. Filing without it almost always causes a mismatch and delays.

Can I file my taxes without all my documents?

You can start, but you shouldn't file until every income form is in hand. Filing early and then receiving a late 1099 means amending your return — more work than simply waiting a week or two.

How long should I keep my tax documents?

Keep copies of your return and supporting documents for at least three years, since that's the general IRS window to audit a return or for you to amend one. Keep records related to property or investments longer.

What Documents Do I Need to File My Taxes? (2026 Checklist)

Filing your taxes is far less stressful when you gather everything before you start. Use this checklist to make sure you have what you need — whether you're filing on your own or working with a professional.

Personal information

You'll need this for everyone listed on your return:

Photo ID (driver's license or state ID)
Social Security numbers or ITINs for you, your spouse, and any dependents
Last year's tax return (helpful, not required)
Bank account and routing numbers for direct deposit of your refund

Income documents

Bring every form that reports money you earned. The most common ones:

W-2 — wages from an employer
1099-NEC / 1099-K — self-employment, freelance, or gig income
1099-INT / 1099-DIV — interest and dividends
1099-G — unemployment benefits or state refunds
1099-R / SSA-1099 — retirement distributions and Social Security
1099-B — investment or crypto sales

If you worked more than one job or did any gig work, make sure you have a form from each source. Missing one is the most common reason a return gets flagged.

Deduction and credit documents

These are what lower your tax bill — don't leave them on the table:

Mortgage interest (Form 1098) and property tax records
Student loan interest (Form 1098-E) and tuition (Form 1098-T)
Childcare provider name, address, tax ID, and amount paid
Charitable donation receipts
Medical expense records (if significant)
Retirement contributions (IRA, SEP, etc.)
Records of estimated tax payments you already made

If you're self-employed

You'll also want:

A summary of business income and expenses
Mileage logs or vehicle expense records
Home-office square footage (if you qualify)
Receipts for equipment, software, and supplies

Not sure what applies to you?

Everyone's situation is a little different, and the difference between a missed deduction and a maximized refund is often just knowing what to ask for. When you book a consultation with Empire, we send you a personalized checklist based on your situation — so you only gather what actually matters.